|
Solid
waste problem at present is primarily a concern in only the urban
parts of Nepal. Although, the process of urbanization is at an early
phase, according to Sharma (1990) urban population increased from 2.9%
of the total population in 1952/54 to 9% in 1996 and is likely to go
upto 14% in the year 2000 (UNDP 1990, Sharma, 1989)
TYPES OF SOLID WASTES
|
Type
|
Composition
|
|
Garbage
|
Waste from food preparation, cooking and serving,
market wastes, waste from handling, storage and sale of product.
|
|
Rubbish
|
Combustible: paper, cartons, boxes, barrels,
wood, excelsior, tree branches, yard trimming, wood furniture, bedding
rags, temple offering.
Non-combustible: hair, metal, feathers, bones,
cans, metal, furniture, dirt, glass, minerals, plastic, rubber, pots.
|
|
Ashes
|
Residue from fires used for cooking, heating,
funerals and onsite incineration.
|
|
Street wastes
|
Sweeping, dirt, leaves, content of litter
receptacles
|
|
Dead animals
|
Cats, dogs, cows, goats, pigs, birds which die
naturally or accidentally
|
|
Industrial wastes
|
Food processing waste, lumber and metal scrap,
hides, old machines parts, waste from slaughter houses etc.
|
|
Demolition wastes
|
Lumber scrap, pipes, bricks and other
construction materials.
|
|
Construction wastes
|
Lumber scrap, pipes, bricks and other
construction materials.
|
|
Special wastes
|
Hazardous solid, pathological wastes, batteries
|
|
Sewage
|
Solid from septic tanks, excrement
|
SOLID WASTE GENERATION FROM 1985 - 2000
|
Description
|
Average
composition (%) by weight
|
|
1985
|
1988
|
1993
|
1995
|
2000
|
|
Organic
waste
|
67.5
|
56.9
|
65.6
|
52.2
|
69.84
|
|
Paper
|
6.0
|
6.2
|
7.4
|
6.0
|
8.5
|
|
Leather/rubber
|
-
|
0.4
|
1.6
|
2.3
|
0.6
|
|
Plastic
|
2.6
|
2.0
|
5.4
|
5.4
|
9.17
|
|
Wood
|
-
|
0.5
|
1.1
|
4.4
|
0.73
|
|
Glass
|
4.0
|
1.6
|
3.1
|
3.6
|
2.5
|
|
Bone
|
-
|
0.3
|
1.0
|
2.5
|
0.23
|
|
Textile
|
2.7
|
2.0
|
1.7
|
8.1
|
3.02
|
Sources:
KMC 2000,Tabasaran 1976, SWMRMC 1988, Mutz 1990, Khanal 1993, Sharma
1995.
NATIONAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT POLICY, 1996
National
solid waste management policy was adopted in 1996 and is an important
step towards proper solid waste management (SWM). The major objectives
of the policy are:
·
To
strengthen local government units for efficient and reliable SWM.
·
To
launch awareness campaign in order to increase public participation.
·
To
involve NGOs and private sectors in waste management.
·
To
manage the disposal sites.
·
To
make solid waste management economical.
·
To
increase recycling of waste materials.
·
To
reduce solid waste generation at the source. |
